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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
920
Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
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A TNBS-Induced Rodent Model to Study the Pathogenic Role of Mechanical Stress in Crohn's Disease
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Endothelial dysfunction in inflammatory bowel diseases: Pathogenesis, assessment and implications.

Dorota Cibor1, Renata Domagala-Rodacka1, Tomasz Rodacki1

  • 1Dorota Cibor, Tomasz Mach, Danuta Owczarek, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.

World Journal of Gastroenterology
|January 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by vascular changes, is a key factor in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Diagnosis involves physical and biochemical methods, with flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) commonly used.

Keywords:
BiomarkersCytokinesDiagnosisEndothelial dysfunctionInflammationInflammatory bowel diseasesMicrovasculature

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular biology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Endothelial dysfunction contributes to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis.
  • Inflammation causes vascular endothelium changes, including leukocyte adhesion, smooth muscle tone increase, and altered lymphatic function.
  • Hypoxia in inflamed areas promotes angiogenesis via growth factors like VEGF and TNF-α.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of endothelial dysfunction in IBD.
  • To discuss diagnostic methods for endothelial dysfunction.
  • To explore the link between endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk in IBD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Physical methods assess large artery vasodilation, with flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) being widely used.
  • Biochemical methods evaluate the synthesis of compounds by normal and damaged endothelium.
  • Studies show decreased FMD in IBD patients, but carotid intima-media thickness remains unchanged.

Main Results:

  • Endothelial dysfunction involves functional and structural vascular changes in IBD.
  • Flow-mediated vasodilatation is a common but less sensitive diagnostic method for early endothelial changes.
  • The cardiovascular disease risk in IBD patients requires further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Endothelial dysfunction is a significant factor in IBD.
  • Accurate diagnosis of endothelial dysfunction is crucial for understanding IBD.
  • More research is needed to clarify cardiovascular risks and therapeutic strategies in IBD.