Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Extrasensory Perception01:23

Extrasensory Perception

1.1K
Extrasensory perception, or ESP, suggests the ability to perceive events beyond the conventional senses of sight, hearing, and touch. Parapsychologists, who research ESP and related psychic phenomena, categorize ESP into three main types: precognition, telepathy, and clairvoyance.
Precognition involves foreseeing future events, such as predicting an accident before it happens. An example of precognition could be someone dreaming about a specific event, like a car crash, which then occurs...
1.1K
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

4.3K
Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
4.3K
Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

7.3K
Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
7.3K
Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

2.7K
Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...
2.7K
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

1.2K
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
1.2K
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

11.6K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
11.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hidden colour signals as key drivers in the evolution of anti-predator coloration and defensive behaviours in snakes.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Similar Survival Rates of Territorial and Sneaker Males in a Polymorphic Damselfly: A Multi-Year Study.

Ecology and evolution·2025
Same author

Coevolutionary patterns between coloration and diel activity in moths.

Royal Society open science·2025
Same author

Mapping the adaptive landscape of Batesian mimicry using 3D-printed stimuli.

Nature·2025
Same author

3D printing offers a way to study mimicry by insects.

Nature·2025
Same author

Relative size matters: eyespots on large insect prey deter small arthropod predators.

Proceedings. Biological sciences·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation
10:41

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation

Published on: March 25, 2011

13.3K

Eyespots.

John Skelhorn1, Grace G Holmes1, Thomas J Hossie2

  • 1Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Henry Wellcome Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.

Current Biology : CB
|January 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eyespots are eye-like markings on animals. This study explores their evolutionary significance and diverse functions in nature.

More Related Videos

Spotlighting Customers' Visual Attention at the Stock, Shelf and Store Levels with the 3S Model
06:30

Spotlighting Customers' Visual Attention at the Stock, Shelf and Store Levels with the 3S Model

Published on: May 24, 2019

5.8K
Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory
08:06

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Published on: August 15, 2010

15.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 26, 2026

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation
10:41

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation

Published on: March 25, 2011

13.3K
Spotlighting Customers' Visual Attention at the Stock, Shelf and Store Levels with the 3S Model
06:30

Spotlighting Customers' Visual Attention at the Stock, Shelf and Store Levels with the 3S Model

Published on: May 24, 2019

5.8K
Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory
08:06

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Published on: August 15, 2010

15.3K

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Animal Behavior
  • Zoology

Background:

  • Eyespots are conspicuous markings found on various animal species.
  • These markings often resemble the eyes of vertebrates.
  • Their presence suggests a significant role in animal interactions and survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and define eyespots as a distinct biological phenomenon.
  • To explore the diverse functions and evolutionary origins of eyespots.
  • To synthesize current knowledge on eyespot patterns in the animal kingdom.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on animal coloration and patterns.
  • Comparative analysis of eyespot morphology across different taxa.
  • Examination of behavioral studies related to eyespot function.

Main Results:

  • Eyespots serve multiple ecological functions, including predator deterrence, mimicry, and species recognition.
  • The evolution of eyespots is linked to selective pressures related to predation and sexual selection.
  • A wide array of animals, from insects to fish, exhibit eyespots.

Conclusions:

  • Eyespots are a fascinating example of convergent evolution.
  • Understanding eyespot function provides insights into animal signaling and adaptation.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the genetic and developmental basis of eyespots.