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Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

46.2K
Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
46.2K
Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Natural Selection and Mating Preferences01:06

Natural Selection and Mating Preferences

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The principle of natural selection posits that organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This principle is closely intertwined with mating preferences, a key aspect of sexual selection, which evolutionary psychologists believe is driven by instincts to propagate one's genes. Such instincts significantly influence mating behaviors and preferences between genders.
Females, due to their biological roles in conception, pregnancy, and nursing,...
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Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

35.8K
Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
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Mate Choice01:20

Mate Choice

12.0K
Mate choice—the decision about whom to mate with—is a type of natural selection, since animals must reproduce to pass down their genes. Mate choice is also called intersexual selection because the behavior occurs between the sexes.
12.0K
What is Natural Selection?01:32

What is Natural Selection?

132.2K
Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances
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Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances

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Balancing Selection: Walking a Tightrope.

Andrew D Gloss1, Noah K Whiteman1

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, BioSciences West, 1041 East Lowell Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|January 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fruit flies exhibit a habitat-dependent tradeoff between two alleles of a key detoxification enzyme. This study provides evidence supporting theories on the maintenance of genetic variation.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Genetic variation is crucial for adaptation.
  • The maintenance of genetic variation is a long-standing question in evolutionary biology.
  • Detoxification enzymes play a vital role in organismal survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional significance of genetic variation in detoxification enzymes.
  • To test for habitat-dependent selection on enzyme alleles.
  • To provide evidence for theories on the maintenance of genetic variation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized modern transgenic techniques in fruit fly models.
  • Conducted fitness measurements across different habitats.
  • Performed enzyme activity assays to quantify functional differences.

Main Results:

  • Identified a habitat-dependent tradeoff between two alleles of a key detoxification enzyme.
  • Demonstrated differential fitness advantages for each allele depending on the environment.
  • Enzyme activity varied between alleles, correlating with fitness differences.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the theory that balancing selection, driven by environmental heterogeneity, can maintain genetic variation.
  • Habitat-specific selection on detoxification enzyme alleles contributes to the maintenance of polymorphism.
  • This study offers concrete evidence for a controversial but foundational evolutionary theory.