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Epidemiology of Birth Defects Based on a Birth Defect Surveillance System from 2005 to 2014 in Hunan Province, China

Donghua Xie1,2, Tubao Yang1, Zhiyu Liu2

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistic, School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P.R of China.

Plos One
|January 27, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Birth defect (BD) prevalence in Hunan, China, increased from 2005-2014, with higher risks observed in urban areas, male infants, and mothers over 35. Targeted interventions are crucial for reducing BD rates.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Birth defects (BDs) pose a significant global health challenge.
  • Understanding regional epidemiological trends is crucial for effective public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the epidemiology of birth defects in perinatal infants in Hunan Province, China, from 2005 to 2014.
  • To identify trends and risk factors associated with BDs in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized surveillance data from 52 registered hospitals in Hunan Province (2005-2014).
  • Included perinatal infants (28 weeks gestation to 7 days postnatal).
  • Calculated prevalence rates and odds ratios to assess associations with infant gender, maternal age, and urban/rural residence.

Main Results:

  • Observed an average BD prevalence of 191.84 per 10,000 perinatal infants, with a significant upward trend.
  • Higher BD risks were associated with urban areas (OR=1.20), male infants (OR=1.19), and mothers aged over 35 (OR=1.24).
  • Congenital heart defects (CHD) and congenital malformation of kidney (CMK) prevalence increased, while congenital hydrocephalus and neural tube defects (NTDs) decreased.

Conclusions:

  • Significant changes in specific BD prevalence rates were noted in Hunan's perinatal infants over a decade.
  • Urban residence, male gender, and advanced maternal age (≥35 years) are linked to different BD prevalence rates.
  • Implementing advanced diagnostic technologies, enhancing monitoring, and strengthening public education are vital for BD reduction.
Abstract

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