Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Bacterial Virulence01:28

Regulation of Bacterial Virulence

17
Pathogenic bacteria employ a range of regulatory mechanisms to modulate the expression of virulence genes in response to environmental and host-derived signals. These mechanisms ensure that virulence factors are expressed only under favorable conditions, thereby optimizing infection and survival strategies.Mechanisms of Virulence RegulationKey regulatory strategies include:Two-Component Systems: These consist of a membrane-bound sensor kinase and a cytoplasmic response regulator. Environmental...
17
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

19.2K
When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
19.2K
Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins01:22

Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins

12.4K
Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high...
12.4K
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

7.9K
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
7.9K
Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers01:15

Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers

9.5K
Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
9.5K
GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity01:09

GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity

8.2K
Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of...
8.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

An integrated in-vitro, transcriptomic, and in-silico approach to understand the molecular mechanism of quorum-sensing inhibition by Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in Chromobacterium violaceum.

World journal of microbiology & biotechnology·2026
Same author

Identifying the sources of noise synergy and redundancy in the gene expression of feed-forward loop motif.

Physical biology·2026
Same author

The homeostasis of AtMYB4 is maintained by ARA4, HY5, and CAM7 during Arabidopsis seedling development.

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology·2024
Same author

Channel assisted noise propagation in a two-step cascade.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)·2024
Same author

Energetics and spectroscopic studies of <math> </math> clusters and the temperature dependencies of the isomers: An approach based on a combined recipe of parallel tempering and quantum chemical methods.

Journal of computational chemistry·2024
Same author

The concerted function of a novel class of transcription factors, ZBFs, in light, jasmonate, and abscisic acid signaling pathways.

Journal of experimental botany·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Quantifying Agonist Activity at G Protein-coupled Receptors
11:45

Quantifying Agonist Activity at G Protein-coupled Receptors

Published on: December 26, 2011

19.9K

Deciphering Parameter Sensitivity in the BvgAS Signal Transduction.

Tarunendu Mapder1, Srijeeta Talukder2, Sudip Chattopadhyay1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, India.

Plos One
|January 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a mathematical model of the BvgAS system in Bordetella pertussis, explaining how it switches between phases. The model helps understand bacterial adaptation and identify key components for novel strain behavior.

More Related Videos

A Pipeline to Investigate the Structures and Signaling Pathways of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptors
12:27

A Pipeline to Investigate the Structures and Signaling Pathways of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptors

Published on: June 8, 2022

4.0K
Use of Label-free Optical Biosensors to Detect Modulation of Potassium Channels by G-protein Coupled Receptors
10:59

Use of Label-free Optical Biosensors to Detect Modulation of Potassium Channels by G-protein Coupled Receptors

Published on: February 10, 2014

10.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Quantifying Agonist Activity at G Protein-coupled Receptors
11:45

Quantifying Agonist Activity at G Protein-coupled Receptors

Published on: December 26, 2011

19.9K
A Pipeline to Investigate the Structures and Signaling Pathways of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptors
12:27

A Pipeline to Investigate the Structures and Signaling Pathways of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptors

Published on: June 8, 2022

4.0K
Use of Label-free Optical Biosensors to Detect Modulation of Potassium Channels by G-protein Coupled Receptors
10:59

Use of Label-free Optical Biosensors to Detect Modulation of Potassium Channels by G-protein Coupled Receptors

Published on: February 10, 2014

10.7K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Systems Biology
  • Mathematical Biology

Background:

  • Bordetella pertussis exhibits phenotypic phase variation regulated by the BvgAS two-component system.
  • Understanding this switching mechanism is crucial for deciphering bacterial adaptation and pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an optimized mathematical framework modeling signal transduction through the BvgAS system.
  • To analyze the molecular switch characteristics and parameter contributions in Bordetella pertussis.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a mathematical framework for BvgAS signal transduction.
  • Performed steady-state analysis and local sensitivity amplification.
  • Utilized correlation coefficients for parameter analysis.
  • Employed simulated annealing for parameter tuning and novel strain simulation.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the network output response to sensory input in a steady state.
  • Characterized the molecular switch using local sensitivity amplification.
  • Deciphered the contribution of modular structure to signal propagation via parameter sensitivity analysis.
  • Successfully tuned model parameters to simulate novel strain behaviors.

Conclusions:

  • The mathematical framework provides insights into the BvgAS system's molecular switch mechanism.
  • Sensitivity analysis reveals critical parameters and modular contributions to signal transduction.
  • Simulated annealing enables the prediction of novel strain behaviors, aiding in understanding bacterial adaptation.