Litter-of-origin trait effects on gilt development

Area of Science:

• Animal Science
• Reproductive Biology
• Swine Production

Background:

• The preweaning litter environment is a critical determinant of gilt development.
• Understanding early life influences is essential for optimizing gilt productivity and reproductive success.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between litter-of-origin traits and subsequent gilt development.
• To identify key preweaning factors influencing growth, reproductive, and mammary characteristics in gilts.

Main Methods:

• Collected litter-of-origin data (birth weight, immunocrit, parity, weaning data) for ~1200 gilts.
• Monitored growth (BW, LM, backfat) and estrus daily from 100 days to slaughter (260 days).
• Assessed reproductive tract, mammary gland composition, and performed histological evaluations.

Main Results:

• Preweaning traits like immunocrit, birth weight, growth rate, and parity were significantly associated with gilt growth (BW, LM accretion).
• Age at puberty was linked to birth weight and preweaning growth rate.
• Mammary gland composition (protein, fat) showed associations with birth weight and preweaning factors.

Conclusions:

• Colostrum intake, birth weight, preweaning growth rate, number weaned, and sow parity are key predictors of gilt development.
• Early life management practices significantly influence later-life performance in gilts.