[Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis]

Peritoneal leiomyomatosis was discovered in a 33 year old woman. The tumor was sited at the uterine isthmus and another had developed in the broad ligament. No recurrence was noted at follow up after one year after limited surgical resection of these two tumors. A review of the literature revealed 45 cases of disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis. The tumor nodules varied considerably in size, number and topography. Their structure was composed of collagen fibres and smooth muscle cells. Their development might be the result of a metaplastic process favored by high levels of estrogen. No specific symptomatology was noted. Probable identification on frozen section is important to avoid any confusion with peritoneal carcinomatosis which might lead to inappropriate surgical management.