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Related Concept Videos

Attribution Theory00:56

Attribution Theory

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Behavior is a product of both the situation (e.g., cultural influences, social roles, and the presence of bystanders) and of the person (e.g., personality characteristics). Subfields of psychology tend to focus on one influence or behavior over others. Situationism is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. In contrast, dispositionism holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors (Heider, 1958).
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Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory01:29

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory

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Attribution theory plays a crucial role in social psychology, helping to explain how individuals interpret the causes of behavior. One prominent model within this field is Harold Kelley's covariation theory, which provides a systematic approach to determining whether internal traits or external circumstances drive a person's actions. The model posits that individuals rely on three key types of information—consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness—to make these judgments.Consensus:...
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Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

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According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
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Trait Theory by Gordon Allport01:20

Trait Theory by Gordon Allport

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Gordon Allport, often regarded as the father of American personality psychology, developed a theory that emphasized the importance of understanding people in their present lives rather than focusing on their past, as psychoanalysis did. Allport believed that personality should be studied in healthy, well-adjusted individuals rather than those with psychological problems. He was particularly interested in defining traits, which he saw as fundamental mental structures that guide behavior across...
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Trait and State Self-Esteem02:08

Trait and State Self-Esteem

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The term self-esteem is often used generically, to refer to how people feel about themselves. However, according to research, there are three distinct constructs that should not be used interchangeably (Brown & Marshall, 2006). 
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Ryan and Deci's Self-Determination Theory01:17

Ryan and Deci's Self-Determination Theory

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Self-Determination Theory (SDT), formulated by Richard Ryan and Edward Deci, explains that human motivation is driven by three fundamental psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. When these needs are met, individuals experience personal growth, intrinsic motivation, and overall well-being.
Autonomy is the need to feel in control of one's actions and decisions. For example, a student who chooses their research topic is likely to be more engaged and motivated than one who...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency
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Autonomy Or The Autonomies? Trait Consistency And Situation Specificity.

R Shouval, D Zakay, Y Halfon

    Multivariate Behavioral Research
    |January 27, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study analyzed children's autonomy using factor analysis, finding it varies across different situations like peer pressure and obstacles. Results support autonomy being context-dependent rather than a fixed trait.

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    Area of Science:

    • Child Psychology
    • Developmental Psychology
    • Psychometrics

    Background:

    • Autonomy in children is a key developmental construct.
    • Understanding situational influences on autonomy is crucial.
    • Trait-consistency debates persist in developmental psychology.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To conduct item and factor analyses of autonomy measures in children.
    • To refine and validate instruments assessing children's autonomy.
    • To investigate the situational specificity of autonomy.

    Main Methods:

    • Factor analysis of sentence-completion and multiple-choice autonomy measures.
    • Analysis of four progressive versions of the measure.
    • Study involved 2041 children with an average age of 12 years.

    Main Results:

    • Factor analyses confirmed and strengthened proposed factors of autonomy.
    • Autonomy was differentiated into independence in specific contexts: obstacles, parental pressure, peer pressure, and trauma.
    • Evidence suggests autonomy is not a monolithic trait but situation-dependent.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings support an interactionist perspective on trait consistency.
    • Autonomy demonstrates both situation-specific and trans-situational consistency.
    • This research refines the understanding of autonomy development in children.