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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...

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Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Feeder-free Derivation of Neural Crest Progenitor Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Feeder-free Derivation of Neural Crest Progenitor Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: May 22, 2014

Generating trunk neural crest from human pluripotent stem cells.

Miller Huang¹, Matthew L Miller¹, Lauren K McHenry¹

¹Department of Neurology and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA.

Scientific Reports

|January 28, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method to guide human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) toward trunk neural crest cells (NCCs) and sympathoadrenal lineages, overcoming challenges in studying human NCC biology.

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Isolation and Culture of Neural Crest Cells from Embryonic Murine Neural Tube

Isolation and Culture of Neural Crest Cells from Embryonic Murine Neural Tube

Published on: June 2, 2012

Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Stem Cell Biology
Human Embryology

Background:

Neural crest cells (NCCs) are versatile stem cells crucial for development, but their study in humans is limited by ethical and practical challenges.
Existing methods for differentiating human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into NCCs often yield cranial-type NCCs, limiting research into posterior NCC derivatives.
Differences between human and non-human NCCs highlight the need for direct study of human NCCs.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish a robust protocol for differentiating human PSCs into trunk NCCs and subsequent sympathoadrenal lineages.
To investigate the roles of retinoic acid and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in directing human NCC differentiation.
To overcome the bias towards cranial NCCs in current human PSC differentiation protocols.

Main Methods:

Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) were differentiated using modified protocols.
Retinoic acid was added to induce posterior identity markers and HOX genes.
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) were subsequently used to enhance differentiation towards sympathoadrenal cells.

Main Results:

The protocol successfully directed human PSCs towards a posterior NCC identity, indicated by trunk-related markers and HOX gene expression.
Addition of BMPs significantly improved differentiation efficiency into sympathoadrenal cells.
The developed methodology provides a reliable system for studying human trunk NCCs and their derivatives.

Conclusions:

This study presents a novel method for generating human trunk NCCs and sympathoadrenal cells from PSCs.
Retinoic acid and BMPs are key signaling molecules in directing human PSC differentiation towards posterior NCC lineages.
The findings facilitate deeper investigation into human NCC biology and associated developmental processes.