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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

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Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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IL-36α expression is elevated in ulcerative colitis and promotes colonic inflammation.

S E Russell1,2, R M Horan1,2, A M Stefanska1,2

  • 1Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

Mucosal Immunology
|January 28, 2016
PubMed
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Interleukin-36 (IL-36) signaling is elevated in ulcerative colitis, driving colonic inflammation and impacting immune cell responses. Targeting the IL-36 receptor may offer new therapeutic strategies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Cytokine Signaling

Background:

  • The IL-36 cytokine family is implicated in psoriasis pathogenesis.
  • Mechanisms linking psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) suggest potential roles for IL-36 in gastrointestinal inflammation.
  • No prior studies have investigated IL-36 family involvement in gastrointestinal inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of IL-36 signaling in colonic inflammation.
  • To determine if IL-36α expression is altered in ulcerative colitis.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of targeting the IL-36 receptor pathway in IBD.

Main Methods:

  • Quantified IL-36α expression in colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis patients and mice.
  • Utilized IL-36 receptor-deficient (Il36r-/-) mice in DSS-induced colitis and Citrobacter rodentium infection models.
  • Assessed disease severity, inflammatory cell infiltration, bacterial colonization, and T helper cell responses (Th17, Th1).

Main Results:

  • IL-36α expression was significantly elevated in the colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis patients and inflamed mouse colons.
  • Il36r-/- mice showed reduced disease severity in DSS-induced colitis with decreased innate inflammatory cell infiltration.
  • Il36r-/- mice exhibited reduced inflammatory cell recruitment and increased bacterial colonization during Citrobacter rodentium infection, alongside altered T helper cell responses (increased Th17, decreased Th1).

Conclusions:

  • IL-36 signaling plays a significant role in mediating colonic inflammation.
  • IL-36 receptor deficiency protects against experimental colitis and alters immune responses.
  • The IL-36 receptor pathway represents a potential novel therapeutic target for IBD.