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Physiology of puberty.

P C Sizonenko1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, University Canton Hospital, Switzerland.

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Puberty onset involves significant physical changes and reproductive system activation, driven by neuroendocrine signals. Key indicators include breast budding in girls and testicular growth in boys, initiating reproductive capability.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Adolescence is a critical developmental stage characterized by somatic changes leading to sexual maturation.
  • Puberty involves the activation of reproductive functions, with distinct onset ages and clinical signs in males and females.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the key physiological and neuroendocrine events governing the onset of puberty.
  • To describe the primary clinical indicators of pubertal maturation in both sexes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established physiological markers and neuroendocrine pathways.
  • Description of clinical signs for gonadal maturation in boys and girls.

Main Results:

  • Puberty typically begins around age 10.9 in girls and 11.2 in boys.

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  • Menarche occurs around 13.4 years, potentially linked to critical body weight.
  • Early signs include breast budding (girls) and testicular growth (boys), signaling gonadal maturation.

    • Conclusions:

    • The onset of puberty is regulated by a complex interplay of neuroendocrine factors, including hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulsatility.
    • Adrenal maturation (adrenarche) and a post-natal surge in luteinizing hormone precede gonadal maturation (gonadarche).
    • Understanding these pubertal processes is crucial for pediatric and adolescent healthcare.