Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses01:22

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses

8.4K
The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
Graded and Abrupt Responses
Some signaling systems generate...
8.4K
Diversity of Protists IV01:27

Diversity of Protists IV

2.1K
Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...
2.1K
Diversity of Protists II01:27

Diversity of Protists II

2.2K
Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
2.2K
Diversity of Protists III01:27

Diversity of Protists III

2.0K
Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
2.0K
Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

868
Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
868
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

2.1K
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
2.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Complete genomes reveal a refined map of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetic diversity across evolutionary scales.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Intravesical mycobacteria reshape bladder and gut microbiota in a murine bladder cancer model.

NPJ biofilms and microbiomes·2026
Same author

Population structure and spatial distribution of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex in Catalonia.

Frontiers in microbiology·2026
Same author

Increasing clinical and public health role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomics.

Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)·2026
Same author

Genomic determinants of antibiotic resistance for Helicobacter pylori treatment: a retrospective phenotypic and genotypic observational study.

The Lancet. Microbe·2025
Same author

Circulation of SARS-CoV-2 and Co-Infection with <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> in Equatorial Guinea.

Infectious disease reports·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Applying Live Cell Imaging and Cryo-Electron Tomography to Resolve Spatiotemporal Features of the Legionella pneumophila Dot/Icm Secretion System
09:12

Applying Live Cell Imaging and Cryo-Electron Tomography to Resolve Spatiotemporal Features of the Legionella pneumophila Dot/Icm Secretion System

Published on: March 10, 2020

7.8K

Legionella effectors reflect strength in diversity.

Iñaki Comas1

  • 1Genomics and Health Unit, FISABIO Public Health, Valencia, Spain, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.

Nature Genetics
|January 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Legionella bacteria, which cause disease in humans, use specialized proteins to invade cells. A genomic study identified thousands of these proteins, revealing insights into bacterial evolution and disease-causing strategies.

More Related Videos

Tractable Mammalian Cell Infections with Protozoan-primed Bacteria
13:54

Tractable Mammalian Cell Infections with Protozoan-primed Bacteria

Published on: April 2, 2013

11.0K
Use of Galleria mellonella as a Model Organism to Study Legionella pneumophila Infection
12:30

Use of Galleria mellonella as a Model Organism to Study Legionella pneumophila Infection

Published on: November 22, 2013

41.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Applying Live Cell Imaging and Cryo-Electron Tomography to Resolve Spatiotemporal Features of the Legionella pneumophila Dot/Icm Secretion System
09:12

Applying Live Cell Imaging and Cryo-Electron Tomography to Resolve Spatiotemporal Features of the Legionella pneumophila Dot/Icm Secretion System

Published on: March 10, 2020

7.8K
Tractable Mammalian Cell Infections with Protozoan-primed Bacteria
13:54

Tractable Mammalian Cell Infections with Protozoan-primed Bacteria

Published on: April 2, 2013

11.0K
Use of Galleria mellonella as a Model Organism to Study Legionella pneumophila Infection
12:30

Use of Galleria mellonella as a Model Organism to Study Legionella pneumophila Infection

Published on: November 22, 2013

41.7K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Legionella are opportunistic human pathogens.
  • They invade host cells using effector proteins.
  • These proteins evolved during interactions with amoeba hosts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the genomes of 41 Legionella species.
  • To identify the repertoire of effector proteins across these species.
  • To understand the evolution of pathogenicity in Legionella.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomics analysis.
  • Bioinformatic identification of effector proteins.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of effector gene families.

Main Results:

  • Identification of nearly 6,000 effector proteins across 41 Legionella species.
  • Discovery of novel effector families and variations.
  • Correlation between effector repertoire and pathogenic lifestyle.

Conclusions:

  • The extensive effector repertoire reflects the evolutionary adaptation of Legionella.
  • Understanding these effectors is crucial for deciphering Legionella pathogenesis.
  • Genomic insights provide a foundation for future research into Legionella virulence.