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During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
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The external iliac artery transitions out of the body cavity, entering the femoral region of the lower leg, and is renamed the femoral artery at the point where it traverses the body wall. This artery is responsible for the distribution of blood to the thigh's deep muscles and the skin's ventral and lateral regions, achieved through several minor branches and the lateral deep femoral artery, which also spawns a lateral circumflex artery. The knee area receives blood from the genicular...
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Updated: Mar 26, 2026

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Compartment Syndrome of the Lower Extremity.

Martin H Hessmann1, Patrick Ingelfinger, Pol M Rommens2

  • 1Department of Trauma Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany. Hessmann@unfall.klinik.uni-mainz.de.

European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery : Official Publication of the European Trauma Society
|January 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Acute compartment syndrome of the lower extremity is a limb-threatening emergency. Prompt diagnosis and surgical decompression are crucial to prevent irreversible limb damage and preserve function.

Keywords:
Compartment syndromeDermatofasciotomyLower extremitySoft tissue injurySurgery decompression

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Trauma Surgery
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) of the lower extremity is a surgical emergency.
  • It can lead to severe, permanent disability if not treated promptly.
  • The lower leg is the most common site, but it can affect the thigh, pelvis, or foot.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation of lower extremity acute compartment syndrome.
  • To describe the anatomical considerations and therapeutic strategies for ACS.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of this limb-threatening condition.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article.
  • It synthesizes current knowledge on acute compartment syndrome of the lower extremity.
  • Information is based on existing literature regarding clinical symptoms, anatomy, and treatment.

Main Results:

  • Early detection and surgical decompression are vital to prevent irreversible tissue damage.
  • Combined compartment syndromes in adjacent regions can occur.
  • Understanding the specific clinical and anatomical features is key for timely intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Acute compartment syndrome of the lower extremity requires immediate surgical intervention.
  • Prompt diagnosis and decompression are essential for limb salvage.
  • This review details the clinical, anatomical, and therapeutic aspects for effective management.