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Injury pattern of suicide bomb attacks in Pakistan.
M M A Yasin1, G Nasreen2, S A Malik3
1Department of General Surgery, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, 4600, Pakistan. dramjidyasin@gmail.com.
Summary
This study analyzed suicide bomb attack victims in Pakistan, finding penetrating injuries and logistic challenges were common. Early evacuation and improved on-site first aid are crucial for reducing mortality and morbidity.
Area of Science:
- Trauma Surgery
- Public Health
- Emergency Medicine
Background:
- Suicide bomb attacks present unique challenges in mass casualty management.
- Understanding injury patterns and hospital care is vital for improving outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze injury patterns, hospital care, and outcomes of suicide bomb attack victims in Pakistan.
- To identify key factors influencing mortality and morbidity in these patients.
Main Methods:
- Prospective cohort study conducted over 3 years at a military hospital in Pakistan.
- Inclusion of seriously injured patients in the 'immediate category' requiring resuscitation.
- Detailed recording of injury types, treatments, and patient disposition.
Main Results:
- 1,296 victims presented, with 86.9% admitted; mean hospital stay was 8.2 days.
- Penetrating splinter injuries (87%) were most common, with high rates of fractures (48%) and visceral injuries (42%).
- Significant thoracic (33%) and neuro-trauma (16%) observed; 7% mortality, with common causes being hypovolemic shock, sepsis, and hypothermia.
Conclusions:
- Logistic issues were prominent; early evacuation is critical for survival.
- Hypovolemic shock, sepsis, and hypothermia were major causes of death.
- Improved fluid resuscitation, tetanus prophylaxis, and on-site first aid can enhance survival rates.
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