Reconstruction of Lower Extremity Fractures with Soft Tissue Defects

Reconstruction of osseous and soft tissue defects after high-energy lower extremity trauma remains a challenge in trauma surgery. An initial planning of the reconstruction management is crucial in the therapeutic concept of these severe injuries. In Gustilo type II and IIIa fractures with minimal contamination a primary definite osseous stabilization by internal fixation along with primary soft tissue reconstruction is preferable. A variety of local, regional, and even free microvascular flaps are available for acute wound closure in such cases. Staged reconstruction with initial external fixation and vacuum-assisted wound closure is recommended for severe contaminated wounds and extended defects. Early secondary osseous reconstruction of larger osseous defects can be performed either by distraction lengthening technique or by a free vascularized bone graft. Early secondary soft tissue reconstruction necessitates a wide therapeutic repertoire in order to plan the optimal individual strategy. With a modern therapeutic strategy limb salvage with an adequate function after reconstruction of lower extremity fractures with soft tissue defects can be achieved in the majority of patients.