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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

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Macroglossia in advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Chiharu Matsuda1,2, Toshio Shimizu3, Yuki Nakayama1

  • 1ALS Nursing Care Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.

Muscle & Nerve
|January 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Macroglossia, or enlarged tongue, affects over a third of advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients on ventilation. It correlates with higher BMI and communication difficulties, potentially due to overfeeding.

Keywords:
amyotrophic lateral sclerosisbody mass indexinvasive ventilationmacroglossiaoral functiontracheostomy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Macroglossia (enlarged tongue) is observed in advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
  • Understanding macroglossia's prevalence and clinical correlations in ALS is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of macroglossia in ALS patients requiring tracheostomy-invasive ventilation (TIV).
  • To analyze the clinical factors associated with macroglossia in this patient group.

Main Methods:

  • A study was conducted on 65 ALS patients using TIV.
  • Prevalence of macroglossia was assessed, and clinical data were analyzed for correlations.

Main Results:

  • Macroglossia was present in 33.8% of the studied ALS patients.
  • Patients with macroglossia exhibited younger age of onset, longer disease duration, increased TIV use, lower ALS Functional Rating Scale scores, higher BMI, reduced energy intake, and impaired communication and oral function.
  • Logistic regression identified BMI and communication impairment as significant predictors of macroglossia, with TIV duration nearing statistical significance.

Conclusions:

  • Macroglossia in advanced ALS patients on TIV may result from overfeeding and fat infiltration.
  • Long-term TIV use and associated factors like high BMI and communication deficits are linked to macroglossia development.