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Transcriptome profiling analysis for two Tibetan wild barley genotypes in responses to low nitrogen.

Xiaoyan Quan1, Jianbin Zeng2, Lingzhen Ye3

  • 1Agronomy Department, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. qdxiaoyan_cool@126.com.

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Tibetan wild barley exhibits significant genotypic differences in low nitrogen (LN) tolerance, with tolerant varieties showing enhanced N absorption and utilization. This study identifies key genes and pathways involved in LN tolerance at the transcriptional level.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Science
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Nitrogen (N) is a primary limiting nutrient for global crop yields.
  • Developing crop cultivars tolerant to low nitrogen (LN) conditions is crucial for food security.
  • Tibetan annual wild barley possesses valuable genetic diversity and inherent tolerance to poor soil fertility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the transcriptional mechanisms underlying low nitrogen (LN) tolerance in Tibetan wild barley.
  • To identify genotypic differences in gene expression profiles between LN-tolerant and LN-sensitive wild barley.
  • To elucidate the molecular basis of nitrogen use efficiency in wild barley under LN stress.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Illumina RNA-Sequencing to analyze transcriptome differences between two contrasting Tibetan wild barley genotypes (XZ149, tolerant; XZ56, sensitive).
  • Analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 6 and 48 hours post-LN treatment.
  • Performed gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis to identify biological functions and pathways associated with LN tolerance.

Main Results:

  • Identified 1469 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two genotypes under LN conditions.
  • Found significant genotypic differences in DEGs, including transporters, transcription factors, kinases, and genes related to antioxidant stress and hormone signaling.
  • Observed 695 LN tolerance-associated DEGs primarily involved in amino acid, starch/sucrose, and secondary metabolism, with enriched functions in transporter activity and antioxidant defense.
  • The tolerant genotype (XZ149) demonstrated superior nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency due to higher nitrate transporter expression and an energy-saving assimilation pattern.
  • Auxin (IAA) and ethylene (ETH) signaling pathways were implicated in the observed genotypic differences in LN tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • Tibetan wild barley genotypes exhibit distinct transcriptional responses to low nitrogen stress.
  • Identified candidate genes and pathways provide novel insights into genotypic variations in nitrogen utilization and LN tolerance.
  • This research lays the groundwork for understanding and potentially improving nitrogen use efficiency in barley breeding programs.