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Colors and Magnetism

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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

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In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
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Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7âˆ'ÃŽ ´/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 STO Single-crystal Substrates
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Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7âˆ'ÃŽ ´/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 STO Single-crystal Substrates

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Magnetic Ordering in Sr3YCo4O10+x.

Takayoshi Kishida1, Myron D Kapetanakis2,3, Jiaqiang Yan3

  • 1Department of Technology Group, Analysis &Simulation Center, Asahi Kasei Corporation, 2-1 Samejima, Fuji, Shizuoka 416-8501, Japan.

Scientific Reports
|January 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study clarifies the structure of strontium yttrium cobaltate (Sr3YCo4O10+x), revealing the atomic arrangement responsible for its room-temperature ferromagnetism. Advanced microscopy and theory confirm the magnetic properties match the determined crystal structure.

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Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
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Chemical Vapor Deposition of an Organic Magnet, Vanadium Tetracyanoethylene
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Chemical Vapor Deposition of an Organic Magnet, Vanadium Tetracyanoethylene

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Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7âˆ'ÃŽ ´/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 STO Single-crystal Substrates

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Chemical Vapor Deposition of an Organic Magnet, Vanadium Tetracyanoethylene
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Chemical Vapor Deposition of an Organic Magnet, Vanadium Tetracyanoethylene

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Magnetism

Background:

  • Transition-metal oxides display complex magnetic phenomena driven by coupled structural, electronic, and magnetic properties.
  • Cobaltates are particularly intricate due to cobalt's variable valence and spin states.
  • Sr3YCo4O10+x (SYCO) presents ambiguities in its structure and the source of its room-temperature ferromagnetism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To unambiguously determine the atomic structure of Sr3YCo4O10+x (SYCO).
  • To elucidate the origin of room-temperature ferromagnetism in SYCO.
  • To correlate the determined structure with its magnetic properties.

Main Methods:

  • Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) for atomic-scale imaging.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for structural and magnetic property analysis.
  • Correlating experimental imaging with theoretical predictions.

Main Results:

  • The precise atomic structure of SYCO was resolved using combined STEM and DFT.
  • Theoretical calculations of magnetic properties for the new structure align perfectly with experimental observations.
  • The study clarifies the relationship between SYCO's structure and its magnetic behavior.

Conclusions:

  • The combined experimental and theoretical approach successfully elucidated the SYCO structure.
  • The findings provide a clear understanding of the origin of ferromagnetism in SYCO.
  • This work resolves long-standing questions regarding SYCO's atomic and magnetic characteristics.