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Related Concept Videos

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

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The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
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Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
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Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

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Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
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Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
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Selective Harvesting of Marginating-hepatic Leukocytes
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Natural killer cells in hepatitis C: Current progress.

Joo Chun Yoon1, Chang Mo Yang1, Youkyong Song1

  • 1Joo Chun Yoon, Youkyong Song, Department of Microbiology and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul 158-710, South Korea.

World Journal of Gastroenterology
|January 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in controlling hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Their functional status and responses are vital throughout all phases of HCV, impacting disease progression and treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
Accessory cellAcute hepatitisChronic hepatitisHepatitis C virusImmune evasionNatural killer cellTreatment responseVirus-host interaction

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hepatology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection frequently leads to chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • Impaired T cell function is linked to the progression from acute to chronic hepatitis C.
  • Natural killer (NK) cells, critical for innate antiviral immunity, are increasingly recognized for their role in hepatitis C.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of NK cells in different phases of hepatitis C virus infection.
  • To explore how HCV immune evasion strategies impact NK cell function.
  • To discuss the implications of NK cell status for disease progression and treatment response.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on NK cells in hepatitis C.
  • Analysis of studies investigating NK cell function in acute and chronic HCV infection.
  • Examination of NK cell responses during antiviral therapy.

Main Results:

  • NK cells contribute to protective immunity in the early stages of HCV infection.
  • HCV's immune evasion tactics may target NK cells, promoting chronicity.
  • NK cells can influence viral replication and liver fibrosis during chronic infection.
  • Impaired NK cell function is observed in many chronic HCV cases, though enhanced responses correlate with successful interferon-α therapy.

Conclusions:

  • NK cell responses are integral to managing hepatitis C virus infection across all disease stages.
  • Further research using advanced models is necessary to fully elucidate NK cell roles and resolve existing controversies in chronic hepatitis C.
  • Understanding NK cell dynamics is key for developing effective hepatitis C therapies.