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Deep Brain Stimulation for Obesity: From a Theoretical Framework to Practical Application.

Raj K Nangunoori1, Nestor D Tomycz1, Michael Y Oh1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Allegheny General Hospital, 320 E. North Avenue, Suite 302, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA.

Neural Plasticity
|January 29, 2016
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Summary

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the lateral hypothalamus shows promise for obesity treatment. This pilot study observed increased metabolic rate and reduced appetite, suggesting DBS as a potential therapy for the growing obesity epidemic.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Obesity is a global health crisis with increasing incidence despite available treatments.
  • Current obesity treatments face challenges in effectively curbing the epidemic, possibly due to increased food availability and palatability.
  • Existing research on feeding behavior provides insights into homeostatic and reward mechanisms but has a gap in translating findings to human treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review feeding physiology and research on the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and hypothalamus in feeding homeostasis.
  • To provide a framework for investigating deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a therapeutic option for obesity.
  • To discuss the potential of DBS in addressing the limitations of current obesity treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on feeding physiology, NAc, and hypothalamus.
  • Analysis of a pilot study involving deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the lateral hypothalamic area for obesity.
  • Examination of homeostatic and reward pathways governing feeding behavior.

Main Results:

  • A pilot study of DBS in the lateral hypothalamic area for obesity demonstrated an increased resting metabolic rate.
  • The same pilot study reported a decreased urge to eat in participants.
  • Findings suggest a potential role for modulating hypothalamic activity in managing obesity.

Conclusions:

  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the lateral hypothalamus shows potential as a novel therapeutic modality for obesity.
  • Further research is warranted to explore DBS's efficacy and safety in treating the human obesity epidemic.
  • Understanding feeding homeostasis through NAc and hypothalamic research can inform future DBS applications for metabolic disorders.