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Related Concept Videos

Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents00:49

Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents

7.3K
In gravimetry, the precipitant is chosen carefully to obtain a pure solid that can be easily filtered. Common inorganic precipitants can be used to determine several cations and anions. In some cases, the formation of the same precipitate can be used to determine the cation and the anion. For example, the reaction of barium and chromate ions to give barium chromate is used to determine both barium and chromate. However, precipitates such as hydroxides, oxalates, and metal ammonium phosphates...
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

6.8K
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

7.1K
In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
7.1K
Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

7.1K
After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
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Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Isolation of Quartz Grains for Optically Stimulated Luminescence OSL Dating of Quaternary Sediments for Paleoenvironmental Research
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Recent Progress in Presolar Grain Studies.

Sachiko Amari1

  • 1McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences and the Physics Department, Washington University.

Mass Spectrometry (Tokyo, Japan)
|January 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Presolar grains, remnants of stardust found in meteorites, offer insights into stellar nucleosynthesis. Advanced techniques now enable the study of smaller grains and lower abundance elements.

Keywords:
isotopic anomaliesmeteoritesnucleosynthesispresolar grainssecondary ion mass spectrometry

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmochemistry
  • Astrophysics
  • Geology

Background:

  • Presolar grains are microscopic stardust particles incorporated into meteorites.
  • These grains preserve information about their stellar origins, including nucleosynthesis and galactic chemical evolution.
  • Studies since 1987 have yielded significant data on stellar processes and galactic variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate presolar silicate grains using advanced analytical techniques.
  • To analyze isotopic and mineralogical properties of sub-micrometer presolar grains.
  • To develop new instrumentation for studying even smaller grains (approx. 50 nm) and trace elements.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) for isotopic analysis.
  • Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for mineralogical characterization.
  • Focused Ion Beam (FIB) for sample preparation and analysis.

Main Results:

  • Identification of presolar silicate grains through instrumental advancements.
  • Detailed isotopic and mineralogical investigations of sub-micrometer grains.
  • Development of new instruments capable of analyzing smaller grains and lower abundance isotopes.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced analytical methods, including SIMS, TEM, and FIB, are crucial for presolar grain research.
  • New instrumentation allows for unprecedented analysis of fine-grained presolar materials.
  • These studies continue to enhance our understanding of stellar evolution and galactic processes.