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Related Concept Videos

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

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Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...
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Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry01:21

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The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...
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Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

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Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

In Situ SIMS and IR Spectroscopy of Well-defined Surfaces Prepared by Soft Landing of Mass-selected Ions
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Electrospray Ionization on Solid Substrates.

Pui-Kin So1, Bin Hu1, Zhong-Ping Yao1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre and Department of 
Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen Research Institute of 
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.

Mass Spectrometry (Tokyo, Japan)
|January 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Solid-substrate electrospray ionization (ESI) overcomes clogging issues in traditional methods. This technique enables easier sampling and diverse applications, including direct analysis of complex biological and food samples.

Keywords:
ambient ionizationdirect analysiselectrospray ionizationin vivo studysolid substrate

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Conventional capillary-based electrospray ionization (ESI) faces challenges with sample clogging.
  • Solid-substrate ESI offers an alternative approach to overcome these limitations.
  • This technique has evolved using diverse materials like metals, paper, and biological tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review various solid-substrate ESI techniques.
  • To summarize their applications in analytical chemistry.
  • To discuss future prospects of solid-substrate ESI.

Main Methods:

  • Development and application of diverse solid substrates for ESI.
  • Utilizing materials such as metals, paper, wood, fibers, and biological tissue.
  • Demonstration of applications from pure compounds to complex mixtures and in vivo studies.

Main Results:

  • Solid-substrate ESI effectively avoids clogging issues inherent in capillary ESI.
  • The technique allows for more convenient sample handling and broader applications.
  • Successful direct analysis of complex samples like biological fluids and foods has been achieved.

Conclusions:

  • Solid-substrate ESI significantly facilitates mass spectrometry in real-world applications.
  • These techniques play an increasingly vital role in modern analytical science.
  • Further advancements in solid-substrate ESI are anticipated.