An Evidence-Based Approach to Scoping Reviews

Area of Science:

• Health Sciences
• Evidence Synthesis
• Research Methodology

Background:

• Scoping reviews are crucial for evaluating research literature extent and identifying knowledge gaps.
• Existing frameworks like Arksey and O'Malley, Levac et al., and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) offer foundational methods for evidence synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and report a refined methodology for conducting scoping reviews.
• To integrate key elements from established scoping review frameworks into a cohesive approach.

Main Methods:

• A working group from JBI collaborating organizations developed an initial draft methodology.
• A workshop with 30 international researchers provided feedback for refinement.
• The methodology development focused on five key stages: research question clarification, literature search, study selection, data charting, and results collation.

Main Results:

• The developed methodology incorporates a three-step literature search strategy balancing breadth and feasibility.
• A team approach is recommended for careful study selection.
• Data charting and collation aim to identify implications for policy, practice, and research.

Conclusions:

• The methodology supports the inclusion of diverse evidence types (quantitative, qualitative, economic, expert opinion).
• It is applicable for answering questions on effectiveness, appropriateness, meaningfulness, and feasibility of health practices.
• The proposed framework offers a flexible approach for complex research questions and broad topics.