Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors01:31

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

5.4K
Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
5.4K
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

7.9K
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
7.9K
Signal Transduction: Overview01:26

Signal Transduction: Overview

12.6K
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
Typically, signal transduction involves three...
12.6K
GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity01:09

GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity

8.2K
Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of...
8.2K
Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers01:15

Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers

9.5K
Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
9.5K
Global Regulatory Systems01:28

Global Regulatory Systems

867
Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
867

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Exploring channelrhodopsin-2 and gold nanocluster interaction: a route to control the protein photocycle.

Nanoscale·2026
Same author

Molecular Dynamics Insights into the Biodegradation of Synthetic Polymers by <i>Moniliophthora roreri</i> Cutinases.

Journal of chemical information and modeling·2026
Same author

Quantum Chemistry-Driven Molecular Inverse Design of Stable Isomers with Data-Free Reinforcement Learning.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2026
Same author

Mol2Raman: a graph neural network model for predicting Raman spectra from SMILES representations.

Digital discovery·2025
Same author

Deciphering the Blinking Mechanisms of Dye-Loaded Organic Nanoparticles.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2025
Same author

Evaluating the protonation state of the catalytic Cys25 in cruzain cysteine protease: A target for Chagas disease.

Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Reverse Yeast Two-hybrid System to Identify Mammalian Nuclear Receptor Residues that Interact with Ligands and/or Antagonists
10:51

Reverse Yeast Two-hybrid System to Identify Mammalian Nuclear Receptor Residues that Interact with Ligands and/or Antagonists

Published on: November 15, 2013

13.2K

Allosteric Pathways in the PPARγ-RXRα nuclear receptor complex.

Clarisse G Ricci1, Rodrigo L Silveira1, Ivan Rivalta2,3

  • 1Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Cx. P. 6154, Campinas SP 13084-862, Brazil.

Scientific Reports
|January 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Allostery in nuclear receptor (NR) complexes, like the peroxisome proliferator-activated/retinoid X receptor, is key for drug development. Understanding these DNA-binding protein dynamics can lead to new treatments for metabolic diseases.

More Related Videos

Prediction and Validation of Gene Regulatory Elements Activated During Retinoic Acid Induced Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation
09:07

Prediction and Validation of Gene Regulatory Elements Activated During Retinoic Acid Induced Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation

Published on: June 21, 2016

8.7K
A Kinetic Fluorescence-based Ca2+ Mobilization Assay to Identify G Protein-coupled Receptor Agonists, Antagonists, and Allosteric Modulators
07:41

A Kinetic Fluorescence-based Ca2+ Mobilization Assay to Identify G Protein-coupled Receptor Agonists, Antagonists, and Allosteric Modulators

Published on: February 20, 2018

9.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Reverse Yeast Two-hybrid System to Identify Mammalian Nuclear Receptor Residues that Interact with Ligands and/or Antagonists
10:51

Reverse Yeast Two-hybrid System to Identify Mammalian Nuclear Receptor Residues that Interact with Ligands and/or Antagonists

Published on: November 15, 2013

13.2K
Prediction and Validation of Gene Regulatory Elements Activated During Retinoic Acid Induced Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation
09:07

Prediction and Validation of Gene Regulatory Elements Activated During Retinoic Acid Induced Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation

Published on: June 21, 2016

8.7K
A Kinetic Fluorescence-based Ca2+ Mobilization Assay to Identify G Protein-coupled Receptor Agonists, Antagonists, and Allosteric Modulators
07:41

A Kinetic Fluorescence-based Ca2+ Mobilization Assay to Identify G Protein-coupled Receptor Agonists, Antagonists, and Allosteric Modulators

Published on: February 20, 2018

9.6K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Structural biology

Background:

  • Nuclear receptors (NRs) regulate gene transcription and are crucial drug targets.
  • Allostery in NR-DNA complexes is vital for understanding drug mechanisms.
  • The peroxisome proliferator-activated/retinoid X receptor (PPARγ/RXR) complex is a target for antidiabetic drugs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate allosteric mechanisms in the PPARγ/RXR heterodimer.
  • To identify interdependent motions and their role in transcriptional regulation.
  • To understand how DNA sequence dynamics influence NR function.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular dynamics simulations of the PPARγ/RXR-DNA complex.
  • Statistical network analysis of correlated motions.
  • Analysis of conformational changes and mutation effects.

Main Results:

  • Identified interdependent motions between Ω-loops and the PPARγ DNA-binding domain.
  • Discovered allosteric pathways involving polar amino acid residues.
  • Found that DNA sequence-dependent dynamics influence transcriptional regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Allosteric communication within the PPARγ/RXR complex is mediated by specific protein dynamics.
  • These findings provide insights into the design of allosteric modulators for NRs.
  • Understanding allostery is critical for developing targeted therapies for metabolic disorders.