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Updated: Mar 26, 2026

A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3
Published on: January 24, 2016
The RNA-binding protein Mex3B is a coreceptor of Toll-like receptor 3 in innate antiviral response
Yan Yang1, Su-Yun Wang1, Zhe-Fu Huang1
1Wuhan Institute of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei 430071, China.
Abstract:
Recognition of viral dsRNA by Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) leads to induction of interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines, and innate antiviral response. Here we identified the RNA-binding protein Mex3B as a positive regulator of TLR3-mediated signaling by expression cloning screens. Cells from Mex3b(-/-) mice exhibited reduced production of IFN-β in response to the dsRNA analog poly(I:C) but not infection with RNA viruses. Mex3b(-/-) mice injected with poly(I:C) was more resistant to poly(I:C)-induced death. Mex3B was associated with TLR3 in the endosomes. It bound to dsRNA and increased the dsRNA-binding activity of TLR3. Mex3B also promoted the proteolytic processing of TLR3, which is critical for its activation. Mutants of Mex3B lacking its RNA-binding activity inhibited TLR3-mediated IFN-β induction. These findings suggest that Mex3B acts as a coreceptor of TLR3 in innate antiviral response.
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