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The Auditory Ossicles01:11

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The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
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Musical training software for children with cochlear implants.

W Di Nardo1, L Schinaia1, R Anzivino1

  • 1Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital, Rome, Italy.

Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica : Organo Ufficiale Della Societa Italiana Di Otorinolaringologia E Chirurgia Cervico-Facciale
|January 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with cochlear implants (CIs) showed improved music perception after pitch discrimination training. This study developed a computer tool to enhance frequency discrimination and musical abilities in pediatric CI users.

Keywords:
ChildrenCochlear implantsMusic Test batteryMusic perceptionSpeech perception

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Music Therapy

Background:

  • Cochlear implants (CIs) provide excellent sound perception but music appreciation remains challenging.
  • Music perception, particularly pitch discrimination, is complex and crucial for enjoying music.
  • Children with CIs often face difficulties in discerning musical nuances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess music perception abilities in children with CIs.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of a targeted musical frequency discrimination training program.
  • To develop and utilize a computer-based tool for pitch discrimination training.

Main Methods:

  • Ten children (5-12 years) with CIs underwent pre-training pitch discrimination and music perception tests.
  • A six-month home-based music training program using specialized software was implemented.
  • Post-training assessments measured improvements in frequency discrimination and song identification.

Main Results:

  • Significant improvements were observed in frequency discrimination post-training (p < 0.001).
  • Children demonstrated enhanced performance in identifying songs by melody (p = 0.0151) and full version (p = 0.0071).
  • Some children may require more training time (estimated 2-3 hours/week) to reach advanced levels.

Conclusions:

  • Music perception and frequency discrimination can be effectively trained in children with CIs.
  • Pitch discrimination training leads to measurable improvements in musical abilities.
  • A computer-based tool can facilitate music training for pediatric CI users.