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Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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Oogenesis02:07

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

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The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
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Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

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The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
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Meiosis II01:57

Meiosis II

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Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each...
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Introduction of Intracapsular Rotary-cut Procedures IRCP: A Modified Hysteromyomectomy Procedures Facilitating Fertility Preservation
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Leiomyomas and infertility.

Charalampos Siristatidis1, Dennis Vaidakis, Ioannis Rigos

  • 1Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece - dennisvaidakis@gmail.com.

Minerva Ginecologica
|January 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) are common benign tumors that may impact female fertility and IVF success. Their location and effects on the uterine cavity, contractility, and blood supply require careful management, especially for subfertile patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Gynecologic Oncology

Background:

  • Uterine leiomyomas are the most prevalent benign tumors within the female reproductive system.
  • The precise impact of leiomyomas on infertility remains debated, but their location is increasingly linked to reproductive outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms by which leiomyomas may affect fertility and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes.
  • To discuss the challenges in managing leiomyomas, particularly in subfertile women.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on leiomyomas, infertility, and IVF outcomes.
  • Analysis of proposed mechanisms of leiomyoma impact on reproductive function.

Main Results:

  • Leiomyomas can influence fertility through anatomical distortion of the endometrial cavity, altered uterine contractility, reduced endometrial blood supply, and impaired endometrial receptivity.
  • Evidence regarding the effect of leiomyomas on IVF outcomes is extensive but lacks definitive conclusions for clinical guidance.

Conclusions:

  • Management decisions for leiomyomas in subfertile patients are complex, requiring consideration of treatment complications and effects on the endometrium.
  • Asymptomatic patients may benefit from expectant management, while symptomatic subfertile patients often require medical or surgical intervention.