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Related Concept Videos

Contingency Table01:29

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A contingency table provides a way of portraying data that can facilitate calculating probabilities. It is a method of displaying a frequency distribution as a table with rows and columns to show how two variables may be dependent (contingent) upon each other; The table helps determine conditional probabilities quite quickly and can help systematically organize, analyze and quantify data. The table displays sample values concerning two variables that may be dependent or contingent on one...
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While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
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Suppose one wants to test independence between the two variables of a contingency table. The values in the table constitute the observed frequencies of the dataset. But how does one determine the expected frequency of the dataset? One of the important assumptions is that the two variables are independent, which means the variables do not influence each other. For independent variables, the statistical probability of any event involving both variables is calculated by multiplying the individual...
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Associations Between Violent And Nonviolent Criminality: A Canonical Contingency-Table Analysis.

T R Holland, M Levi, G E Beckett

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    This study analyzed criminal conviction data from 390 male offenders, finding a statistically significant, though small, association between violent and nonviolent criminal behavior. Canonical correlation analysis revealed patterns in crime specialization among this adult male offender group.

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    Area of Science:

    • Criminology
    • Quantitative Psychology
    • Sociology

    Background:

    • Understanding the relationship between different types of criminal behavior is crucial for offender profiling and rehabilitation.
    • Previous research has explored crime specialization, but often with limited statistical approaches.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the association between violent and nonviolent criminal convictions in adult male offenders.
    • To assess the utility of canonical correlation analysis for examining relationships within contingency tables of criminal behavior.

    Main Methods:

    • Cross-tabulation and dummy coding of conviction frequencies for 390 adult male offenders.
    • Application of canonical correlation analysis to identify dimensions of association.
    • Utilized structure coefficients and redundancy index to interpret the relationship.

    Main Results:

    • A statistically significant, albeit small, dimension of association was identified between violent and nonviolent criminality.
    • The analysis provided insights into the nature of this relationship, supporting the crime specialization hypothesis to a limited extent.

    Conclusions:

    • Canonical correlation analysis offers a valuable approach for analyzing complex relationships in two-way contingency tables of criminal data.
    • The findings suggest a nuanced association between different types of criminal acts among adult male offenders, warranting further investigation.