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Three-dimensional flow in Kupffer's Vesicle.

T D Montenegro-Johnson¹, D I Baker², D J Smith³

¹Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. tdj23@cam.ac.uk.

Journal of Mathematical Biology

|January 31, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Zebrafish embryos use cilia-driven fluid flow in Kupffer's Vesicle (KV) to break left-right symmetry. This study reveals how cilia arrangement creates vortical flow, potentially through mechanical signaling, offering insights into organ asymmetry.

Keywords:

Cilia Kupffer’s Vesicle Symmetry-breaking flow Zebrafish embryo

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Area of Science:

Developmental biology
Biophysics
Cell biology

Background:

Vertebrates exhibit internal organ asymmetry despite external symmetry.
Kupffer's Vesicle (KV) in zebrafish embryos orchestrates left-right symmetry breaking.
Cilia-driven fluid flow within KV is critical for this process, but its dynamics are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify and analyze the three-dimensional fluid flow patterns within zebrafish Kupffer's Vesicle (KV).
To elucidate the roles of dorsal, ventral, and equatorial cilia in generating global vortical flow.
To investigate whether this flow breaks symmetry via mechanical transduction or morphogen transport.

Main Methods:

Computational analysis of three-dimensional fluid flow within KV.
Modeling flow generated by individual and groups of cilia.
Investigating the impact of cilia distribution and orientation on flow patterns.

Main Results:

Anticlockwise vortical flow can be generated by an excess of dorsal cilia over ventral cilia.
Dorsal tilt of equatorial cilia stabilizes this vortical flow.
Anterior clustering of dorsal cilia results in significantly faster flow in the anterior versus posterior KV.

Conclusions:

The calculated flow patterns support a model of symmetry breaking through mechano-sensory cilia.
Novel experimental approaches are proposed to test the mechano-sensory hypothesis.
Further experiments could explore reversing KV flow to induce situs inversus.