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Related Concept Videos

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Biventricular Assessment of Cardiac Function and Pressure-Volume Loops by Closed-Chest Catheterization in Mice
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Quantitative Assessment of Vectorcardiographic Loop Morphology.

Golriz Sedaghat1, Elyar Ghafoori2, Jonathan W Waks3

  • 1Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Portland State University, Portland, OR.

Journal of Electrocardiology
|February 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Vectorcardiography (VCG) reveals abnormal heart electrical activity in ventricular tachycardia (VT) patients. QRS loop folding, a sign of conduction block, was identified using VCG but not reliably by fragmented QRS on ECG.

Keywords:
PlanarityVectorcardiographyVentricular tachycardia

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Vectorcardiography (VCG) provides insights into cardiac electrophysiology.
  • Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is associated with abnormal electrical substrates.
  • Understanding VCG loop characteristics can aid in diagnosing cardiac conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate VCG QRS loop parameters in patients with infarct-cardiomyopathy and VT.
  • To identify specific VCG features indicative of abnormal electrophysiological substrates in VT.
  • To compare the diagnostic utility of VCG with fragmented QRS on 12-lead ECG for detecting QRS loop folding.

Main Methods:

  • Measurement of VCG QRS loop parameters including roundness, planarity, thickness, rotational angle, and dihedral angle.
  • Comparison of VCG parameters between 81 healthy controls and 8 VT patients.
  • Analysis of QRS loop folding and its correlation with fragmented QRS on 12-lead ECG.

Main Results:

  • VT patients exhibited decreased QRS loop planarity (0.63±0.22 vs. 0.88±0.10; P=0.014).
  • Dihedral angle variability was significantly higher in VT subjects (P=0.029).
  • Fragmented QRS on 12-lead ECG showed low sensitivity (31%) for detecting VCG QRS loop folding.

Conclusions:

  • Abnormal electrophysiological substrate in VT patients is characterized by QRS loop folding, likely due to local conduction block.
  • VCG is a valuable tool for identifying complex cardiac electrical abnormalities.
  • Fragmented QRS on standard ECG is insufficient for detecting VCG-based indicators of conduction abnormalities in VT.