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Related Concept Videos

Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

Pericarditis I: Introduction

623
Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
623
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

840
Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
840
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

563
Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
563
Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

737
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
737
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

1.0K
The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
1.0K
Pericarditis III: Medical Management01:17

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

500
The primary objectives of managing pericarditis are to determine the underlying cause, provide effective therapy for treatment and symptom relief, and promptly detect signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. The following outlines the essential aspects of medical management for pericarditis:ObjectivesDetermine the Cause: Identifying the underlying cause of pericarditis is crucial for targeted treatment. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and...
500

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Updated: Mar 26, 2026

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
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[Takayasu arteritis].

T Mirault1, E Messas1

  • 1Pôle cardiovasculaire rénal et métabolique, service de médecine vasculaire, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, hôpitaux universitaires Paris Ouest, université Paris Descartes, AP-HP, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France; Centre national de référence des maladies vasculaires rares, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France; Inserm U970 PARCC, université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France.

La Revue De Medecine Interne
|February 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Takayasu arteritis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting large blood vessels, primarily the aorta. Early diagnosis and treatment with medications or procedures are crucial to prevent severe complications like stroke or heart attack.

Keywords:
AortiteAortitisMaladie de TakayasuTakayasu arteritis

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Takayasu arteritis is a rare, chronic inflammatory vasculitis affecting large arteries, particularly the aorta and its branches.
  • The exact cause remains unknown, but it leads to vessel wall thickening, fibrosis, and narrowing (stenosis).
  • Inflammatory lesions can be asymptomatic, potentially causing serious complications such as limb ischemia, transient ischemic attacks, cardiovascular events, and renovascular hypertension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of Takayasu arteritis.
  • To highlight the clinical manifestations and diagnostic challenges.
  • To discuss current and emerging treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on Takayasu arteritis.
  • Analysis of clinical case reports and treatment outcomes.
  • Synthesis of information on pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.

Main Results:

  • Vessel inflammation in Takayasu arteritis results in characteristic pathological changes.
  • Clinical presentation varies widely, often leading to delayed diagnosis.
  • Effective management involves a combination of anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, and biologics.

Conclusions:

  • Takayasu arteritis requires prompt diagnosis and multidisciplinary management.
  • Pharmacological treatments form the cornerstone of therapy.
  • Interventional procedures like endovascular therapy and surgery offer solutions for end-organ damage relief.