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Free-fatty acid receptor-4 (GPR120): Cellular and molecular function and its role in metabolic disorders

Nader H Moniri1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States.

Biochemical Pharmacology
|February 2, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Free-fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4) is activated by omega-3 fatty acids and plays a key role in reducing inflammation and improving metabolism. This review covers FFA4 signaling, regulation, and therapeutic potential.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activated by free-fatty acids (FFAs) have been identified.
  • FFA4, activated by medium-to-long chain FFAs including omega-3 fatty acids (e.g., DHA, EPA), is of significant interest.
  • FFA4 is implicated in anti-inflammatory effects, insulin sensitization, and energy metabolism regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current evidence on FFA4 signal transduction pathways.
  • To summarize the regulatory mechanisms of FFA4.
  • To discuss the functional roles of FFA4 across various tissues and recent drug discovery efforts.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on FFA4.
  • Analysis of research on FFA4 signaling and regulation.
  • Examination of therapeutic strategies targeting FFA4.

Main Results:

  • FFA4 mediates beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids.
  • FFA4 plays a role in inflammation, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic regulation.
  • Small molecules modulating FFA4 activity are under development.

Conclusions:

  • FFA4 is a promising therapeutic target for metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
  • Further research into FFA4 signaling and modulation is warranted.
  • Understanding FFA4 mechanisms can lead to novel treatments.
Keywords:
Free fatty acidsFree-fatty acid receptor-4G protein-coupled receptorsGPR120Polyunsaturated fats

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