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Related Concept Videos

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin...
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Measurement of Bioavailability: Pharmacodynamic Methods01:20

Measurement of Bioavailability: Pharmacodynamic Methods

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Pharmacodynamic methods provide insights into a drug's effects on physiological processes over time and play a crucial role in understanding bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. These methods can be broadly classified into acute pharmacological and therapeutic response approaches, each with distinct mechanisms and applications.The acute pharmacological response method directly correlates a drug's physiological effects, such as ECG or pupil diameter changes, to its time course in the body.
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Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches

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Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...
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Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses01:25

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A loading dose is an essential pharmacological strategy to rapidly achieve the target plasma drug concentration necessary for an immediate therapeutic effect. This approach is especially critical for drugs characterized by slow absorption or extended half-lives, where delaying therapeutic plasma levels could compromise treatment outcomes. By administering a loading dose, clinicians ensure a prompt onset of drug action, even for agents with complex pharmacokinetic profiles.Achieving steady-state...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Determination and Conceptual Approaches in Overcoming Bioavailability Problems01:22

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Bioavailability is a critical pharmacological concept that measures the extent and rate at which an active drug ingredient or therapeutic moiety enters the systemic circulation, remaining unchanged. It's a pivotal factor in determining a drug's efficacy and safety.The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) plays an essential role in drug development by categorizing drugs into four classes based on their solubility and permeability. This classification aids in understanding drug absorption...
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Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods01:21

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Determining the optimal dose size and dosing frequency in pharmacotherapy is crucial for achieving therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing adverse effects. This article explores the methodologies employed in determining these parameters, focusing on their significance and interplay to tailor dosing regimens.Dose Size: Dose size refers to the amount of a drug administered in a single dose. It is determined based on the drug's pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics properties and...
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A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
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Molecular Approaches for Optimizing Vitamin D Supplementation.

Carsten Carlberg1

  • 1Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.

Vitamins and Hormones
|February 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Vitamin D supplementation is crucial due to limited sun exposure. Understanding vitamin D

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Vitamin D synthesis occurs in skin via UV-B exposure, but insufficient sun exposure necessitates dietary intake or supplementation.
  • Vitamin D influences epigenome and transcriptome through its active metabolite, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and the vitamin D receptor.
  • Discrepancies in observational study interpretations fuel debate on optimal vitamin D levels and supplementation guidelines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epigenome- and transcriptome-wide functions of vitamin D.
  • To explore how these functions can inform optimal vitamin D status determination.
  • To introduce a personalized vitamin D index for optimized supplementation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of vitamin D's molecular functions.
Keywords:
EpigenomeEvolutionary genetic adaptionPersonalized nutritionTranscriptomeVDRVitamin D

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  • Analysis of epigenomic and transcriptomic data related to vitamin D.
  • Conceptual development of a personal vitamin D index.

    • Main Results:

    • Vitamin D directly impacts gene expression via epigenetic and transcriptomic mechanisms.
    • Existing population-based recommendations for vitamin D may not be universally optimal.
    • A personalized approach to vitamin D status assessment is proposed.

    Conclusions:

    • Vitamin D's molecular actions provide a basis for personalized supplementation strategies.
    • The concept of a personal vitamin D index offers a more individualized guideline.
    • Further research into personal vitamin D indices could refine supplementation recommendations.