The short Working Alliance Inventory in parent training: Factor structure and longitudinal invariance
Silje S Hukkelberg1, Terje Ogden1
1a The Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development, Unirand , University of Oslo , Oslo 0306 , Norway.
Objective:
The purposes of the present study were twofold: (a) to examine the factor structure of the Working Alliance Inventory, Short (WAI-S) and (b) to investigate if factor loadings and thresholds fulfilled properties of longitudinal measurement invariance across two waves of data.
Method:
The study sample consisted of 259 Norwegian parents receiving Parent Management Training, the Oregon model. Parents rated alliance at sessions 3 and 12 during the therapy. Confirmatory factor analyses to assess the fit of a one-, two-, and three-factor model were performed using robust weighted least squares estimation for categorical indicators.
Results:
The results showed that data provided best fit for the three-factor solution with goal, task, and bond. Furthermore, results demonstrated satisfactory invariance for factor loadings and thresholds across time.
Conclusions:
Overall, the results indicate that the WAI-S three-factor solution has acceptable psychometric properties for longitudinal measurement comparisons.
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