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Modeling Tree Shade Effect on Urban Ground Surface Temperature.

Marco Napoli, Luciano Massetti, Giada Brandani

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    Urban trees significantly reduce surface temperatures, with shade intensity depending on tree leaf area. This study models temperature variations under different tree species to improve urban microclimate management.

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    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Science
    • Urban Ecology
    • Climatology

    Background:

    • Urban forests act as microclimate modifiers, influencing energy fluxes through shade and evapotranspiration.
    • These modifications offer benefits for human health and outdoor comfort in cities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate surface temperature variability under various tree species' shade.
    • To evaluate a heat transfer model's predictive capability for surface temperatures.

    Main Methods:

    • Collected surface temperature data on asphalt and grass in Florence, Italy.
    • Utilized a 1D heat transfer model incorporating plant canopy effects and Leaf Area Index (LAI).
    • Assessed shading effects of 10 common Italian urban tree species.

    Main Results:

    • On asphalt, higher LAI correlated with greater temperature reduction (13.8–22.8°C).
    • On grass, the relationship was weaker due to combined shade and evapotranspiration effects (6.9–9.4°C reduction).
    • Soil water content significantly impacts temperature reduction in grassed areas.

    Conclusions:

    • The energy balance model effectively estimates urban pavement temperatures under shade.
    • Findings support the application of this model for analyzing urban green space microclimates.