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Gender dysphoria in adolescence.

Scott Leibowitz1, Annelou L C de Vries2

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Summary

This review examines clinical care for adolescents with gender dysphoria (GD), highlighting complex decisions and emerging practice guidelines. It explores referral patterns, gender identity development, and management considerations for affirming care.

Keywords:
Gender identityadolescencegender dysphoriagender expressiongender nonconformity

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Area of Science:

  • Adolescent medicine
  • Psychiatry
  • Gender studies

Background:

  • Increasing numbers of adolescents seek support for gender-related concerns globally.
  • Clinical care for gender dysphoria (GD) involves complex decisions across mental health, physical, and surgical domains.
  • Limited empirical data necessitates reliance on professional guidelines for best practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on the care of adolescents with GD.
  • To provide an overview of clinical practice trends and evolving concepts of affirming care.
  • To explore referral patterns, gender identity development, and associated factors in adolescents with GD.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search for studies on adolescent GD care.
  • Analysis of trends in clinical practice and conceptualizations of affirming care.
  • Exploration of referral patterns, gender identity development, and phenomenology.

Main Results:

  • The review synthesizes available data on the care of adolescents with gender dysphoria.
  • It identifies trends in clinical practice and shifts in defining affirming care.
  • Phenomenology of etiological factors and co-occurring psychiatric issues are described.

Conclusions:

  • Defining best practices for adolescents with GD is challenging due to limited empirical data.
  • Practice guidelines from professional organizations offer valuable support.
  • This review consolidates knowledge and highlights areas for clinical management considerations.