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A Full Parallel Event Driven Readout Technique for Area Array SPAD FLIM Image Sensors.

Kaiming Nie1, Xinlei Wang2, Jun Qiao3

  • 1School of Electronic Information Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China. nkaiming@tju.edu.cn.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel parallel event-driven readout for single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) sensors, enhancing high-speed fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) by reducing data volume and improving efficiency.

Keywords:
CMMFLIMSPADevent driven readoutimage sensor

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Microscopy
  • Image Sensor Technology

Background:

  • High-speed fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) requires efficient data acquisition.
  • Existing methods can generate large data volumes, limiting imaging speed.
  • Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) image sensors offer potential for advanced imaging applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and implement a full parallel event-driven readout method for SPAD image sensors.
  • To enhance the performance of high-speed FLIM systems.
  • To reduce data acquisition load and improve imaging frame rates.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a full parallel event-driven readout in a 16x16 SPAD image sensor.
  • Integration of four 8x8 pixel arrays, each with time-to-digital converters (TDCs) and address record modules.
  • Utilizing Monte Carlo simulations to analyze pile-up effects.
  • Employing the corrected multi-channel (CMM) method for fluorescence lifetime estimation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a readout frame rate of 10 Mfps and a maximum imaging frame rate of 100 fps.
  • Demonstrated a time resolution of 97.6 ps with a quantization range of 100 ns.
  • Reported a lifetime resolvability range of 5-20 ns with an average error below 1% for estimated fluorescence lifetimes.
  • The chip operates at 720 MHz output bandwidth with an average power consumption of 15 mW.

Conclusions:

  • The developed full parallel event-driven readout method significantly improves data handling for SPAD-based FLIM.
  • This approach enables high-speed imaging with reduced data output, making it suitable for demanding microscopy applications.
  • The system demonstrates excellent time resolution and accuracy in fluorescence lifetime estimation.