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Related Concept Videos

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
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The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants
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ClC-7 Deficiency Impairs Tooth Development and Eruption.

He Wang1,2, Meng Pan1,3, Jinwen Ni1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology, Clinic of Oral Rare and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.

Scientific Reports
|February 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Voltage-gated chloride channel 7 (ClC-7) mutations disrupt tooth development and eruption. ClC-7 deficiency impacts tooth cell differentiation and the osteoclast pathway, explaining dental anomalies in osteopetrosis patients.

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Establishing Organoids from Human Tooth as a Powerful Tool Toward Mechanistic Research and Regenerative Therapy
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Isolation and Culture of Dental Epithelial Stem Cells from the Adult Mouse Incisor
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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Mutations in the CLCN7 gene, encoding voltage-gated chloride channel 7 (ClC-7), are linked to osteopetrosis due to abnormal osteoclast function.
  • Previous observations noted impacted teeth and root dysplasia in osteopetrosis patients with CLCN7 mutations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of ClC-7 in tooth development and eruption using in vivo models.
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of ClC-7's influence on dental tissues and eruption processes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two in vivo models: chitosan-Clcn7-siRNA nanoparticle injection in mice and transplantation of Clcn7 shRNA lentivirus-infected molar germs.
  • Conducted in vitro studies on ameloblasts, odontoblasts, and dental follicle cells (DFCs).

Main Results:

  • In vivo models showed delayed tooth eruption, deformed teeth, root dysplasia, and abnormal dentin, periodontal, and cementum structures.
  • In vitro studies revealed that Clcn7 deficiency impairs tooth cell differentiation and the DFC-osteoclast interaction via the RANKL/OPG pathway.

Conclusions:

  • ClC-7 plays a critical role in tooth development, potentially by directly affecting tooth cells.
  • ClC-7 regulates tooth eruption through a DFC-mediated osteoclast pathway, explaining dental abnormalities in CLCN7-related disorders.