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Noble Gases

Noble Gases

The elements in group 18 are noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon). They earned the name “noble” because they were assumed to be nonreactive since they have filled valence shells. In 1962, Dr. Neil Bartlett at the University of British Columbia proved this assumption to be false.

Alkali Metals

Alkali Metals

Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals

Autoxidation of Ethers to Peroxides and Hydroperoxides

Autoxidation of Ethers to Peroxides and Hydroperoxides

Ethers represent a class of chemical compounds that become more dangerous with prolonged storage because they tend to form explosive peroxides when standing in the air. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly oxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides.

Vapor Pressure

Vapor Pressure

When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules move randomly about, they will occasionally collide with the surface of the condensed phase, and in some cases, these collisions will result in the molecules re-entering the condensed phase. The change from the gas phase to the liquid is called condensation. When the rate of condensation becomes equal to the rate of vaporization, neither the amount of the liquid nor the amount of the vapor...

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate. The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.

Vapor Pressure Lowering

Vapor Pressure Lowering

The equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure exerted by its gaseous phase when vaporization and condensation are occurring at equal rates:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Fabrication of Nano-engineered Transparent Conducting Oxides by Pulsed Laser Deposition

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Krypton oxides under pressure.

Patryk Zaleski-Ejgierd¹, Pawel M Lata¹

¹Institute of Physical Chemistry, ul. M. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.

Scientific Reports

|February 3, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

High pressure may make the inert gas krypton reactive, forming stable krypton oxides. Researchers predict krypton monoxide (KrO) can spontaneously form stable, non-molecular crystals at 300 GPa.

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$Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures$

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Published on: October 7, 2013

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$Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures$

Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures

Published on: October 7, 2013

Area of Science:

Inorganic Chemistry
Materials Science
Computational Chemistry

Background:

Krypton (Kr) is a noble gas known for its extreme inertness.
Noble gases typically do not form stable chemical compounds under ambient conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the possibility of forming stable krypton-oxygen compounds under high pressure.
To predict the structures and stability of potential krypton oxides.

Main Methods:

Utilized modern ab-initio evolutionary algorithms.
Employed Density Functional Theory (DFT) for calculations.
Simulated conditions at elevated pressures (approx. 300 GPa).

Main Results:

Predicted the existence of several thermodynamically stable Kr/O species at high pressures.
Identified krypton monoxide (KrO) as spontaneously forming at approximately 300 GPa.
KrO predicted to form stable, non-molecular crystalline structures with chemical bonds.

Conclusions:

High pressure can induce reactivity in inert elements like krypton.
Stable krypton oxides, such as KrO, are theoretically possible.
These findings challenge traditional understanding of noble gas chemistry.