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The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
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Related Experiment Video

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A Novel Ex vivo Culture Method for the Embryonic Mouse Heart
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Human embryonic cardiovascular function.

Ganesh Acharya1,2,3, Yonghao Gui4, Wojciech Cnota5

  • 1Women's Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.

Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica
|February 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This review summarizes human embryonic cardiovascular physiology up to 10 weeks of gestation. Key findings include increasing heart rate and changes in blood flow dynamics, differentiating embryonic from fetal development.

Keywords:
DopplerHuman embryocardiac functionembryonic circulationembryonic heart

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Area of Science:

  • Embryology
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Human embryonic cardiovascular physiology is crucial for understanding early development.
  • Noninvasive assessment methods like Doppler ultrasonography provide valuable insights.
  • Limited descriptive knowledge exists on embryonic cardiovascular function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize existing knowledge on human embryonic cardiovascular physiology.
  • To analyze published studies on embryonic cardiovascular function.
  • To identify key physiological parameters and their changes during early development.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science.
  • Inclusion of studies on cardiovascular function up to 10 weeks of gestation.
  • Narrative synthesis of data from 10 selected studies.

Main Results:

  • Embryonic heart rate significantly increases from 6 to 10 weeks.
  • Cardiac inflow is monophasic; atria generate more force than ventricles.
  • Ventricular velocities increase, Tei index decreases, and placental blood flow rises.

Conclusions:

  • Normal cardiovascular function in human embryos differs significantly from fetal stages.
  • Doppler ultrasonography is key for noninvasive assessment of embryonic hemodynamics.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate embryonic cardiovascular development.