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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

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A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
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Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

A High-Fidelity Porcine Model of Orthotopic Heart Transplantation Following Donation after Circulatory Death
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A High-Fidelity Porcine Model of Orthotopic Heart Transplantation Following Donation after Circulatory Death

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[Non-heart-beating donors are ineligible].

W Heide1

  • 1Neurologische Klinik, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Celle, Siemensplatz 4, 29223, Celle, Deutschland. wolfgang.heide@akh-celle.de.

Der Nervenarzt
|February 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Organ donation requires donor death, with brain death a reliable criterion. Non-heart-beating organ donation is rejected due to diagnostic risks and ethical concerns.

Area of Science:

  • Medical ethics
  • Transplantation medicine
  • Neurology

Background:

  • The dead donor rule is a global prerequisite for organ transplantation.
  • Brain death, established in 1968, is medically, legally, and ethically accepted as a definitive criterion of death.
  • Concerns exist regarding the accuracy and ethical implications of non-heart-beating organ donation (NHBD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the diagnostic certainty of brain death criteria.
  • To address the risks and ethical considerations associated with non-heart-beating organ donation (NHBD).
  • To reinforce the rejection of NHBD by German medical authorities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of medical literature on the determination of brain death and circulatory arrest.
Keywords:
Brain deathCardiac arrestDead donor ruleDetermination of deathOrgan transplantation

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  • Analysis of diagnostic standards and potential errors in brain death determination.
  • Examination of ethical arguments against NHBD, including potential conflicts with resuscitation efforts.

    • Main Results:

    • The diagnosis of brain death, when performed according to established medical standards, is considered one of the safest diagnoses in medicine.
    • The precise point at which circulatory arrest becomes irreversible and leads to total brain death is not definitively established in current literature.
    • NHBD practices carry a high risk of diagnostic error and raise ethical concerns regarding patient resuscitation.

    Conclusions:

    • Brain death criteria are reliable when applied correctly.
    • Non-heart-beating organ donation (NHBD) is medically and ethically problematic and must be rejected.
    • German medical societies and councils have consistently opposed NHBD since 1995 due to safety and ethical reasons.