Standing sedation with medetomidine and butorphanol in captive African elephants (Loxodonta africana)
I Lüders1, B Tindall2, D Young3
1Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, 323 Boom Street, Pretoria 0110, South Africa.
Abstract:
Doses for standing sedation allowing for various procedures in otherwise inaccessible, untrained captive African elephant bulls are presented. Thirty-three standing sedations were performed in 12 males aged 8-30 years (one to four sedations per animal). Each bull received a combination of 0.009 ± 0.002 mg/kg medetomidine and 0.03 ± 0.007 mg/kg butorphanol. Full sedation was reached on average 25.5 min after injection. The addition of hyaluronidase (1000-2000 IU) significantly reduced time to full sedation to 16.5 min (paired t test, P = 0.024). Reversal was induced with intramuscular atipamezole 0.008 (±0.002) and naltrexone 0.035 (±0.015) mg/kg. Recovery took on average 7 min (3-18 min). The medetomidine/butorphanol combination provided safe standing sedation for smaller procedures.
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