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Effect of Maternal Factors and Fetomaternal Glucose Homeostasis on Birth Weight and Postnatal Growth

Öykü Özbörü Aşkan, Abdülkadir Bozaykut, Rabia Gönül Sezer1

  • 1Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatrics, İstanbul, Turkey Phone: +90 216 391 06 80-1434

Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology
|February 3, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Maternal factors like BMI and weight gain influence large for gestational age (LGA) newborns. The metabolic environment in utero impacts infant growth for up to two years.

Area of Science:

  • Perinatal Medicine
  • Neonatal Growth
  • Maternal-Fetal Metabolism

Background:

  • Identifying risk factors for large for gestational age (LGA) newborns is crucial.
  • Understanding the impact of birth weight and metabolic parameters on postnatal development is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of maternal weight, pregnancy weight gain, HbA1c, C-peptide, and insulin levels on birth weight.
  • To determine the effect of these maternal and cord blood metabolic parameters on infant growth during the first two years of life.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective case-control cohort study of healthy, non-diabetic mothers and term singleton infants.
  • Maternal fasting glucose, HbA1c, C-peptide, and insulin levels were measured; cord blood was analyzed for C-peptide and insulin.
  • Infants were categorized as LGA or appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and followed for two years with recorded length and weight.

Main Results:

  • Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and pregnancy weight gain correlated positively with birth weight SDS.
  • Maternal C-peptide levels >3.85 ng/mL showed the strongest association with macrosomia (OR=20).
  • Differences in weight and length SDS between LGA and AGA infants persisted for two years, despite initial catch-down growth in the LGA group.

Conclusions:

  • Controlling maternal BMI and preventing excessive weight gain during pregnancy may reduce the incidence of LGA infants.
  • The intrauterine metabolic environment significantly affects infant growth, with lasting effects on weight and length SDS up to two years post-birth.
Abstract

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