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High cost enhances cooperation through the interplay between evolution and self-organisation.

Enrico Sandro Colizzi1, Paulien Hogeweg2

  • 1Theoretical Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3524ZL, The Netherlands. e.s.colizzi@uu.nl.

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Summary

Cooperation can increase with higher costs, contrary to intuition. An emergent feedback between evolution and spatial self-organization drives higher cooperation levels, explaining its persistence under challenging conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Theoretical ecology
  • Game theory

Background:

  • Cooperation is common in nature, but its evolution is challenging to explain.
  • Theoretical models suggest cooperation decreases with higher costs due to selfish advantages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how cooperation evolves when associated with higher costs.
  • To challenge the conventional understanding of cooperation's cost-benefit dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a minimal model of individuals on a lattice.
  • Modeling the evolution of cooperation degree.
  • Investigating feedback between evolutionary dynamics and spatial self-organization.

Main Results:

  • Cooperation can increase despite higher costs.
  • A feedback loop emerges between public good production and population self-organization.
  • Spatial self-organization diversifies selection pressures, favoring both cooperative and selfish strategies.

Conclusions:

  • An emergent feedback between evolution and self-organization promotes high cooperation at high costs.
  • This mechanism provides a general explanation for cooperation's evolution under seemingly prohibitive conditions.