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Microbial diversity in European alpine permafrost and active layers.

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  • 1Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.

FEMS Microbiology Ecology
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Summary

Temperate mountain permafrost harbors a unique microbial community, including diverse Patescibacteria and fungi. Understanding this permafrost microbiome is crucial for predicting ecological changes in a warming climate.

Keywords:
Illumina Miseq sequencingalpine permafrostarchaeabacteriaeukaryanovel microbial diversityribosomal markers

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Permafrost Science
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Permafrost is an understudied genetic resource with significant microbial diversity.
  • Global warming-induced permafrost thaw impacts microbial carbon turnover and greenhouse gas emissions.
  • While polar permafrost microbiomes are studied, temperate mountain permafrost remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Characterize the microbial community in temperate mountain permafrost.
  • Investigate microbial diversity and adaptations to extreme conditions.
  • Provide insights into the biological dynamics of permafrost in a changing climate.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a unique experimental design at the 'Muot-da-Barba-Peider' alpine permafrost site.
  • Employed high-throughput sequencing of ribosomal markers to analyze microbiota.
  • Compared microbial communities in permafrost versus active layers.

Main Results:

  • Permafrost communities exhibited higher diversity than active layer communities.
  • Enrichment of Patescibacteria superphylum members (OD1, TM7, GN02, OP11) in permafrost.
  • Increased abundance of yeasts and lichenized fungi adapted to sub-zero conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Temperate mountain permafrost harbors a distinct and diverse microbial ecosystem.
  • Patescibacteria and specialized fungi are key components of this permafrost microbiome.
  • This research offers crucial data for understanding permafrost microbial responses to climate change.