Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

$Interference and Diffraction$ 02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.

Interference and Superposition of Waves

Interference and Superposition of Waves

When two waves of the same nature occur in the same region simultaneously, they result in interference. Interference of waves implies that the net effect of the waves is the sum of the individual waves' effects. However, it does not imply that the individual waves affect the propagation of other waves.
Interference occurs in mechanical waves, such as sound waves, waves on a string, and surface water waves. Mechanical waves correspond to the physical displacement of particles. Hence,...

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...

Doppler Effect - II

Doppler Effect - II

The Doppler effect has several practical, real-world applications. For instance, meteorologists use Doppler radars to interpret weather events based on the Doppler effect. Typically, a transmitter emits radio waves at a specific frequency toward the sky from a weather station. The radio waves bounce off the clouds and precipitation and travel back to the weather station. The radio frequency of the waves reflected back to the station appears to decrease if the clouds or precipitation are moving...

IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching

IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching

In IR spectroscopy, signals produced by the X−H bonds (such as C−H, O−H, or N−H) can be observed in the frequency range of 2700–4000 cm–1. The C−H stretching vibration forms sharp bands in the region 2850–3000 cm–1. The presence of the O−H stretching vibration leads to the forming of an absorption band in the frequency range 3650–3200 cm−1. At the same time, N−H stretching can be confirmed by absorption bands in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Demonstration of <b>3</b>.5 × 10<sup>-13</sup> laser frequency stability at 1000 s using an iodine-filled hollow-core fiber photonic microcell.

Optics express·2026

Same author

Gemini: the first underground testbed for seismic isolation and inter-platform control in next-generation gravitational-wave detectors.

European physical journal plus·2026

Same author

Binary classification of signal and background triggers of a transition edge sensor using convolutional neural networks.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Remote displacement sensing by decoupling a compact sensing head from a heterodyne Michelson interferometer.

Optics letters·2025

Same author

Integrating high-precision and fringe-scale displacement sensing using heterodyne cavity-tracking.

Optics express·2025

Same author

Tunable Coherence Laser Interferometry: Demonstrating 40 dB of Stray Light Suppression and Compatibility with Resonant Optical Cavities.

Physical review letters·2025

Same journal

Denoising algorithm of Φ-OTDR systems based on adaptive fractional wavelet transform denoising.

Optics express·2026

Same journal

Millisecond photon-to-photon latency and high-speed volumetric projection system for optogenetics.

Optics express·2026

Same journal

Polarization-encoded coaxial structured light for high-precision 3D surface profilometry.

Optics express·2026

Same journal

Discrete freeform optical design based on collaborative optimization of point cloud and local normals.

Optics express·2026

Same journal

Ultrafast ghost imaging with 25 GHz speckle switching and wavelength-division multiplexing.

Optics express·2026

Same journal

Atomic vapor cells fabricated by femtosecond laser welding of standard-optical-quality glass.

Optics express·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Published on: April 26, 2014

Experimental demonstration of deep frequency modulation interferometry.

Katharina-Sophie Isleif, Oliver Gerberding, Thomas S Schwarze

|February 3, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Deep frequency modulation interferometry offers a scalable solution for precise position readout in gravitational wave detectors. This new technique achieves 250 pm/√Hz displacement sensitivity, simplifying complex optical setups.

More Related Videos

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

Published on: December 30, 2025

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

Published on: August 12, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Published on: April 26, 2014

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

Published on: December 30, 2025

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

Published on: August 12, 2013

Area of Science:

Physics
Optics
Astronomy

Background:

Gravitational wave detectors require high-precision, large dynamic range interferometric position readout.
Existing heterodyne interferometer schemes are complex and lack scalability for multi-channel applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and experimentally validate deep frequency modulation interferometry as a simpler, scalable alternative.
To assess the performance and linearity of this novel interferometric technique.

Main Methods:

Utilizing sinusoidal laser frequency modulation in unequal arm length interferometers.
Implementing a non-linear fit algorithm for phase tracking and signal analysis.
Testing the technique in Michelson and Mach-Zehnder interferometer configurations.

Main Results:

Demonstrated continuous phase tracking of a moving mirror.
Achieved a displacement sensitivity of 250 pm/√Hz at 1 mHz.
Measured laser frequency modulation linearity to be within 2% for the tested laser source.

Conclusions:

Deep frequency modulation interferometry is a promising technique for high-precision position sensing.
The method offers improved scalability and reduced optical complexity compared to traditional approaches.
Experimental validation confirms its potential for gravitational wave detection and other sensitive measurements.