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    This study reveals that neglecting wave packet energy front tilt in modified Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometers (SHS) overestimates their resolving power. The research demonstrates the practical limits of SHS usability for high-resolution atomic emission spectra measurements.

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    Area of Science:

    • Atomic emission spectroscopy
    • Optical physics
    • Spectrometer design

    Background:

    • Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometers (SHS) are advanced Fourier Transform Spectrometers for high-resolution atomic spectra.
    • Previous analyses of SHS devices overlooked the phenomenon of wave packet energy front tilt during diffraction.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of neglecting energy front tilt on Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer (SHS) performance.
    • To determine the practical limits of usability for modified SHS devices in high-resolution spectroscopy.

    Main Methods:

    • Modified Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer (SHS) design and operation.
    • Theoretical analysis incorporating wave packet diffraction and energy front tilt.
    • Experimental measurements of known spectral lines using the SHS.

    Main Results:

    • Neglecting the energy front tilt leads to an overestimation of the spectrograph's resolving power.
    • The discrepancy is significant when the radiation coherence length approaches the device's effective aperture.
    • Demonstrated practical usability limits of the modified SHS.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate SHS performance evaluation requires accounting for energy front tilt.
    • The study provides crucial insights for optimizing SHS design and application in atomic emission spectroscopy.
    • Experimental validation confirms theoretical predictions regarding SHS limitations.