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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

49.8K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

14.0K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Live-cell Measurement of Odorant Receptor Activation Using a Real-time cAMP Assay
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Deciphering the Receptor Repertoire Encoding Specific Odorants by Time-Lapse Single-Cell Array Cytometry.

Masato Suzuki1, Nobuo Yoshimoto2, Ken Shimono1

  • 1Advanced Research Division, Panasonic Corporation, 3-4 Hikaridai, Seika, Kyoto 619-0237, Japan.

Scientific Reports
|February 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method to identify specific olfactory receptors (ORs) and their corresponding odorants. This technique successfully linked lung cancer biomarkers to specific ORs, advancing olfactory receptor research.

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High-throughput Analysis of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors: Measurement of Receptor Activation via Luciferase Activity
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Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase
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Area of Science:

  • Olfactory receptor research
  • Mammalian genomics
  • G protein-coupled receptors

Background:

  • Mammals utilize a vast array of olfactory receptors (ORs) to detect numerous odorants.
  • The OR gene family exhibits extreme diversity in mammalian genomes.
  • Linking specific ORs to individual odorants remains challenging due to combinatorial complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a high-throughput functional screening method for olfactory receptor (OR) genes.
  • To enable the identification of specific ORs and their cognate odorants.
  • To apply this method for deorphanizing ORs using lung cancer biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a microchamber array with over 5,400 single olfactory epithelium-derived cells from mice.
  • Employed time-lapse single-cell array cytometry for prompt isolation of responding olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs).
  • Applied single-cell RT-PCR to identify genes encoding specific ORs.
  • Reconstituted OR-mediated signaling cascades in HEK293T cells.

Main Results:

  • Successfully isolated single OSNs responding to specific odorants.
  • Identified OR genes corresponding to the isolated OSNs.
  • Demonstrated the deorphanization of ORs using volatile lung cancer biomarkers.
  • Reconstituted the OR-mediated signaling pathway for identified OR-ligand pairs.

Conclusions:

  • The developed system provides an efficient method for functional screening of OR genes.
  • This technique facilitates the deorphanization of olfactory receptors and the identification of specific ligands.
  • The system has broad applicability in physiopathology and pharmacology for receptor-ligand identification.