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Related Concept Videos

Microbe-Plant Interactions01:09

Microbe-Plant Interactions

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Microbe-plant interactions represent a dynamic spectrum of associations shaped by intricate chemical signaling. These interactions can be neutral, beneficial, or detrimental, and profoundly influence plant physiology, growth, and ecosystem function. The plant microbiome, comprising bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, and viruses, plays a pivotal role in mediating these effects through surface colonization, internal colonization, or systemic symbiosis.Mutualistic associations, particularly with...
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Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
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Plants have the impressive ability to create their own food through photosynthesis. However, plants often require assistance from organisms in the soil to acquire the nutrients they need to function correctly. Both bacteria and fungi have evolved symbiotic relationships with plants that help the species to thrive in a wide variety of environments.
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Bacterial Signaling01:30

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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
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Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
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Microbial Interactions: Cooperation01:26

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Microbial cooperation involves beneficial interactions in which different species work together for individual or mutual advantage. These interactions can profoundly influence ecological dynamics and evolutionary processes, and they are essential to many pathogenic and symbiotic relationships.Nematode–Bacteria CooperationA striking example is the relationship between the Gram-negative bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila and the parasitic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae. Juvenile nematodes...
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An Optimized Rhizobox Protocol to Visualize Root Growth and Responsiveness to Localized Nutrients
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Signaling in the Rhizosphere.

Vittorio Venturi1, Christoph Keel2

  • 1International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy.

Trends in Plant Science
|February 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Rhizosphere signaling, crucial for plant health, involves communication among microbes, from plants to microbes, and vice versa. This microbial signaling shapes the entire plant root ecosystem, influencing community structure.

Keywords:
microbiomemicroorganismmoleculeplantrhizospheresignaling

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Area of Science:

  • Plant-Microbe Interactions
  • Microbial Ecology
  • Rhizosphere Biology

Background:

  • Rhizosphere signaling research has primarily focused on symbiotic plant-microbe interactions.
  • The broader rhizomicrobiome significantly impacts plant health and microbial community structure.
  • Understanding communication within the rhizosphere is essential for plant well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To expand the focus of rhizosphere signaling beyond symbiotic relationships.
  • To define signaling processes within the complex rhizomicrobiome.
  • To categorize different types of signaling occurring in the rhizosphere.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing literature on rhizosphere signaling.
  • Categorization of signaling into three distinct types: microbe-microbe, plant-to-microbe, and microbe-to-plant.
  • Analysis of signaling's role in shaping microbial communities and plant interactions.

Main Results:

  • Signaling is a fundamental process influencing diverse organisms in the rhizosphere, including the plant itself.
  • Interkingdom signaling (e.g., mycorrhizal, rhizobial) is critical for establishing plant-microbe associations.
  • Emerging evidence shows signaling also occurs with non-symbiotic microorganisms, highlighting broader communication networks.

Conclusions:

  • Rhizosphere signaling encompasses a wide range of interactions, not limited to symbiotic partners.
  • Communication is key to understanding how the rhizomicrobiome is structured and functions.
  • Future research should explore the full spectrum of signaling to harness its potential for plant health.