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Protists are diverse eukaryotic microorganisms that lack the specialized tissues of plants and animals and the chitinous cell walls of fungi. Their early divergence within Eukarya resulted in structural, functional, and ecological diversity. They are classified into supergroups such as Archaeplastida, Excavata, Amoebozoa, Rhizaria, Alveolata, and Stramenopiles, determined through genetic analysis and structural similarities.Structural and Functional AdaptationsProtists have various adaptations...
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Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...
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Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
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[Malaria and intestinal protozoa].

Gerardo Rojo-Marcos1, Juan Cuadros-González2

  • 1Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España.

Enfermedades Infecciosas Y Microbiologia Clinica
|February 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Malaria, a life-threatening disease, requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Intestinal protozoa infections are globally prevalent, posing risks to vulnerable populations, with emerging antiparasitic resistance noted.

Keywords:
ArtemisininArtemisininasDiarreaDiarrheaIntestinal protozoaMalariaProtozoos intestinales

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Area of Science:

  • Tropical medicine
  • Infectious diseases
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Malaria presents with non-specific symptoms, necessitating travel history for imported cases.
  • Artemisinin combination therapies are first-line for Plasmodium falciparum; chloroquine for non-falciparum; intravenous artesunate for severe cases.
  • Intestinal protozoa infections are widespread, causing diarrhea and invasive disease, often asymptomatic, with high global morbidity and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis and treatment of malaria and intestinal protozoa infections.
  • To highlight at-risk populations for intestinal protozoa.
  • To discuss diagnostic challenges and emerging resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of malaria and intestinal protozoa diagnosis and treatment.
  • Analysis of clinical features and risk factors.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic methods and treatment guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Malaria incidence and mortality are decreasing in endemic regions.
  • Clinical diagnosis of malaria is challenging, especially for imported cases.
  • Antigen detection and molecular methods improve intestinal protozoa diagnosis over microscopy.
  • Antiparasitic resistance is an emerging concern for both types of infections.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for malaria and intestinal protozoa infections.
  • Travel history is vital for diagnosing imported malaria.
  • Advanced diagnostic methods are needed for intestinal protozoa.
  • Monitoring and addressing antiparasitic resistance is essential.